The New Fuss About Essay Topics for Ethics

The New Fuss About Essay Topics for Ethics Characteristics of Essay Topics for Ethics All they should do is make sure everybody is accorded an opportunity to air their opinion then the opinions ought to be rationally deliberated upon. Set your objective first, and after that think of a means to write it in an intriguing manner for your readers to relish. In the majority of cases, you want to think of a topic that will make it possible for other people to realize your perspective, and telling them to think that what you write is true. Although it's common, student has to find right to become great grades. Students lead busy lives and frequently forget about an approaching deadline. Some students utilize the very first idea that arrives in their head and work on it, but the outcome isn't profitable. Often college students get into plenty of stress to get the correct topic for the essay. All About Essay Topics for Ethics Brief paragraphs are the best way to go. When you're d one, the fundamental structure for your essay is currently complete and you need to have no problem in proceeding. You want to supply sample scenarios, together with other details to drive your point home. The remainder of your application is composed of plenty of computer generated averages. Corporate Social Responsibility is getting an increasing number of attention as the organic complement of social pursuits and company sustainability is gaining recognition. Worldwide, there are regulations that cover anti-discrimination and equal employment opportunities at work. Business organizations might be faced with ethical issues and setting ethical standards of operation because of the simple fact that such instances are common professional practices in lots of fields including psychology. Thorough research work is actually time-consuming. In the world of authenticity, one discovers a large number of ethics paper tips for research. So, it's a significant foundation for assorted epic stories! It's highly recommended that you just pick the topic that you're able to deal with, for instance, if you're not t sketching the personality characteristics then you ought to better not elect for it. The software becomes increasingly better during its job as an increasing number of essays are being entered and can eventually offer specific feedback almost instantly. Below are a significant few recommendations that can help you with your college application essay. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you are going to want to argue is a great start. The program can generate a whole essay in under a second, dependent on a few keywords. Next, you should consider the method on how you wish to relay it to your readers. There's no point memorising substantial swathes of content in excellent detail since the question will just wind up asking for a certain section of the syllabus. The list below is intended to be evocative instead of comprehensive. If you would like your research to be current, and you've got zero opportunity to appear through long lists, here's a quick compilation for you. Why Almost Everything You've Learned About Essay Topics for Ethics Is Wrong Supervisors must comprehend the complicated nature of the company environment to make sure they manage the organization's workforce collectively. Ethics at work is also referred to as business ethics. To tell the truth, paying someone to compose your essay isn't ideal. Also, utilize all the scratch paper you want. You may also opt for any latest research work that's a little controversial to allure the readers to compose argumentative essay. As you are reading the write-up, it's necessary for you to look for details that identify the subject of the write-up. You first have to ascertain the reason behind your essay, before you're able to write persuasive content about it. Actually, make it a point to do a little bit of background reading on the subject. Last word of advice is to ask your teacher before the last decision about this issue selection for argumentative essays. When you realized that it's time to get started writing your essay, the very first thing you want to do is to select an acceptable topic (at least in case the professor didn't indicate it).

“A Good Man is Hard to Find” Comparing Flannery...

â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†: Comparing Flannery O’Connor’s Literary Technique to Grotesque Medieval Literature Upon initially reading Flannery O’Connor’s work, one would have no problem recognizing her use of shocking, violent, or despairing themes. It may not be as easy, however, to completely accept or understand her style. According to Patrick Galloway, one must be â€Å"initiated to her trademarks when reading any of her two novels or thirty-two short stories (1).In many of her works, she paradoxically uses styles that are grotesque and brutal to illustrate themes of grace and self-actualization. As O’Connor herself says, â€Å"I have found that violence is strangely capable of returning my characters to reality and preparing them to†¦show more content†¦in Enjolras 14).Therefore, despite the violence and death, O’Connor does the grandmother a favor by allowing her a moment of self-understanding and grace (Galloway 3-4). Author Anthony Di Renzo notes the effectiveness of O’Connor’s use of thematic revelation.Rather than opposing one another, good and evil instead exist as â€Å"equally odd, equally absurd, and equally shocking† (122).The good and evil ironically converge to relay the message of grace, common throughout her works. O’Connor wanted her stories â€Å"to reach the unbelieving reader,† and the shocking aspect of the grotesque was the most effective way to reach him/her (Hawkins 28-29). In â€Å"A Good Man,† even the physical appearance of the characters contributes to this grotesque reality.In Flannery O’Connor’s Characters, Laurence Enjolras analyzes the fictitious personalities O’Connor has created.His chapter entitled â€Å"Physical Portrait: The Ugly Human Body† looks specifically at characters in â€Å"A Good Man† (5). Enjolras emphasizes that O’Connor does not present glamorous, idealized characters.Instead, she depicts the â€Å"ordinary† human being, notwithstanding flaws or deformity

Consumer Perceptions Marketing Of Cosmetic -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Consumer Perceptions Marketing Of Cosmetic? Answer: Introduction: Online retailer business is the very popular business now a day. The industry is growing with very fast pace in almost all over the world. It has been analysed that Zalando is one of those companies that deal with serving the market with apparels through its online retail business. This report initiates with the discussion of Zalandos and ASOSs competitive advantages and their strategies in the world market to have better customers base. ASOS is considered as the closest competitor of Zalando. The report continues with the discussion of online business situation in different part of the world in order to analyse the three best countries that can be the potential market for Zalando to expand its business operations. Various criteria have been discussed on which the decision to select the new market has been based. The last part of the report is about the pro and cons for making investment in Zalando and ASOS by Andres Holch Povlsen. The pros and cons are discussed. The overall report gives a gist of the online retailer market and its condition these days. Zalando is the online retailer firms that deal with serving the market in about 15 countries with its branded clothing and other materials. ASOS is considered as the closest competitors of the company and both are giving tough competition to each other in terms of market share and customers base along with the range of the products both are serving to the market. This can be better evaluated by analysing the competitive advantages of the companies in different markets. Competitive advantage of the company can be defined as the leverage or the upper hand that the company has over the other competitors in the same industry (Carlsson and Kryger, 2017). As far as the competitive analysis of Zalando and Asos is considered, it has been analysed that even after being popular in the industry, the company has to face competition by other retailers such as Sarenza, BuyVIP in premium segment. Amazon is another big name that is there in the competition. This company focuses in attracting the customers with various offers such as free delivery , return services etc. moreover, other manufacturers are also opening their own online retail shop to sell their products such as Zara and HM. this increases the competition in the industry. It has been analysed that there are various ways in which the company can get the competitive advantage. Some of them are cost leadership, focus strategy, differential strategy etc. Zalando competitive strategies: Zalando is the company that provides various product ranges to the customers of about 15 countries. It has been analysed that the company started its operations in footwear and become the largest online footwear shop in Europe. After this the company started offering international brands. Besides footwear, Zalando also distributes men and women clothing wear, innerwear, bags etc. in the year of 2010, it expanded its operations in children and kids wear along with perfume brands as well. This suggests that the company serves the market with great range of products and this also acts as the competitive advantage of the company (Kirssi, 2017). Effective offline marketing: the company has enhanced its brand awareness making use of the various available branding and marketing strategies. One of the strategies is of using TV as the medium to broadcast the ads and campaign such as scream for joy. Another strategy that the company uses is fashion magazines that help the company to reach up to masses with their collection. It has released a 68 pages mens magazine to attract the men customers towards the brand (Childers, et al. 2001). Own brands: the major competitive advantage of the company is that along with selling other popular brand, the company has started selling its own brand which proves to be very beneficial in its profits. Investment in logistics and technological infrastructure: the company has invested around 150 million in developing its logistics and technological infrastructure. The company also focus on its distribution centre and try to make it effective in nature (Reinartz, et al. 2011). ASOS competitive advantage: Largest: It is considered as one of the market online retailer brands and focuses on serving the customers with great market share. It has been realised that this is the company that serves the large market with its products and brands. Range of brands: as far as another competitive advantage is considered, it is the company that also serves the market with variety of brands under different section such as men wear, women were, kids wear etc. It is the brand that has many brands includes in it (Watson, 2009). Cost leadership: it is the company that focus on attaining the cost leadership in the market. This can be attained by selling the products with lower price as compared to others. This is what ASOS do. It focuses on serving the market with cheap clothing and associates the same with celebrity styling. This is the major competitive advantage of the company because cost leadership strategy is helping the firm to attain high amount of profit as it is manufacturing the same things in lower cost as compared to other competitors in the similar industry (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). Loyal customers: as ASOS is considered, it is the brand that has loyal customers. This is because the company serving the customers with cheap products thus the loyalty of the customers remain constant every time and it is difficult for those customers to switch to other expensive brands. In terms of comparing the competitive advantage of both the companies, it has been analysed that Zalando is serving the customers with the premium products while ASOS is serving the customers with cheap products but both have some target customers who believes it brands. Bothe has different types of competitive advantage in terms of pricing. In terms of range of brands, ASOS has 800 brands while Zalando has 1500 brands under its store. This suggests the level of business of both the companies (Grewal, et al. 2010). Zalandos online store is not just a place where customers search for and buy clothes, shoes and fashion accessories. The online store developed into a fashion themed world including several features and tools strengthening a convenient and inspirational shopping experience of fashion-conscious people (Chen and Dibb, 2010). As Zalando is already operating its activities in around 15 countries, thus it has to look for new market now so that it can enter the same and increase its market share in the world in order to compete with the other companies operating in the same industry. It has been analysed that there are various factors that needs to be considered, it order to enter the new market for online market. Some of the factors or the criteria are discussed below: GDP of the country: it is one of the most important criteria to select or evaluate the new market. Online clotting and apparel business is the business of luxury and can be established I the countries where the economic conditions of the country is strong (Quan and Williams, 2017). Thus, it is required to analyse the GDP of the country so that the selection of the new market can be done. GDP is the Gross Domestic Product of the country that is the best measure of countrys economy. It is the value that is the total of all the value that is generated by the produce of the companies in the country. As far as the data is concerned, it has been analysed that US is the country having great GDP and Zalando has not yet started its operations here. Potential market: potential market can be in terms of purchasing power and can be in terms of the population. If the population of the country is more it is obvious that the number of available customers to target by the company is more. This helps the company to target more and more customers and also have the probability to approach masses. Populations one of the major criteria at the time of selecting the new market as it gives volume to the market. In terms of population China and India are the countries that seem to be highly populated and thus act as the potential market for the companies even in online business (Srivastava, 2008). In terms of purchasing power, China and India are the countries that have high potential to support any business. India is the developing country and thus has great market space and potential to be developed (Forman, Ghose and Goldfarb, 2009). Any company that enter the developing market have the scope of being developed more and this creates a new opportunity for the businesses like Zalando to exploit the new market having high potential. Usage of internet and shopping on internet: the amount of population using the internet is one of the most important criteria to be considered, this is because it is about the online business altogether. If the country has most of the population using the internet then it helps the company to enter the country but if the people are not even using internet in the area then there is no sense entering such market (Fernie and Sparks, 2014). As far as the data is considered, China is the country having great internet users. 39% of the overall population is using the internet which is considered as the huge number because the population of the country is highest in the world. As far as the data of India is considered 10% are using the internet and this may lead to a problem for the online business to enter this country. However if the data of online shoppers in con9dered in India, it is suggested to be just 0.3%. This suggests that the gap is very wide and people are still looking for bett er online sites in India to shop for. This opportunity can be easily exploited by Zalando to fill this gap. More and more internet users in India can be targeted to have the better shopping experience through Zalando. Even in China that business of online retailing is only 2.7% leaving a wide opportunity for Zalando to avail (Saini, Saini and Gupta, 2009). In China, fashion and accessories have highest reach of online shoppers. Online apparel sales have grown by 50% in China since year suggesting that the market or the industry is very attractive in this country. In other countries like Australia and UK, the market is already being saturated and thus the potential to grow for the companies is very limited (Niranjanamurthy et al. 2013). Countries like China and India have the potential because of their population and emerging market conditions. US are the county that is fully developed and the purchasing power of the people here is very high. As Zalando is the brand with premium products thus entering the country like US is also very beneficial for Zalando. Thus, it has been analysed that the three potential markets for Zalando are: US: US is found to be the place that has very attractive online retail market in apparels after electronics. This suggests that Zalando can get the customers who can afford to buy the premium products. Even the political scenario of the country is very favourable for the new business to enter. The only problem that the company will ace is the tough competition by the local players. India: India is the country with large population and thus has great market potential. Zalando will get the opportunity to explore the Indian market. It has been analysed that the company has to serve the market with little bit of local touch as it will help the company to touch the sentiments of the Indian customers. The political stability and policies for FDI are very favourable as it is a developing country and required foreign companies to serve in Indian market. China: China is the country again with high population and great market potential. In term of politics the country is rules by autocratic rule and thus this becomes the problem for the new business to enter the country as the policies may change as per the guidelines of the governing body. As per the case Andres Holch Povlsen is the biggest investor in both the companies that is Zalando and ASOS. Both of these companies are biggest competitors of each other. Andres Holch Povlsen is the owner of Danish Fashion Company and it has its stake of around 10% in Zalando and 27.5% in ASOS. The company has invested so much in this online retailer business because it has some of the pros to enter this business. Some of the pros of investing into an online retail business are: Low cost: It has been analysed that investing in the internet retailing business is cheaper than opening the own physical store. Setting up a physical store has many cons ad it requires great capital to invest in order to buy a new shop at the centre of the market. Selecting the place is also a hectic decision to make. After that, reaching to the customers also requires the investors to make high investment. Thus investing online is very cheap as compared to offline business for selling apparels. Tax relaxation: Tax relaxation is also act as the motivator to invest in online business. In countries like US and UK, the companies not have to pay such big amount of taxes if their business is running online. Thus the companies like Danish fashion enjoy a lot of tax relaxation after investing in the companies like Zalando and ASOS. Australia also has the similar loopholes in it tax policies or internet retailers (Salar and Salar,2014). Technology and tools: there are various tools available online that helps the business to analyse the market. the analytical tools helps the online retailers to have detailed estimates that how many prepare visiting the sites, who are the prospects and who are customers who are interested in buying etc. this is the information that cannot be available to the store based business. This is because they can only know about the person who is entering the store. Internet helps the online retailer to track the activities of the shopper and thus the retailer can provide better offers to that person in order to attract him to buy the product he is wishing for. Large market: when a businessmen pen his shop at the centre the market, it is required by hi to invest a lot on marking the people aware about the availability of the materials and the products on shop and its presence as well (Belew and Elad, 2017). This is not the case with online retail market. That market of the one retail is very high and large as compared to the offline stores in clothing section or other products. It has been analysed that online retailer can reach up to endless customers through the facility of internet and directly contact with their customers. Even the customers feel better when they have the opportunity to review what they buying again and again. In store business, the business person cannot reach put such a large market in one go and thus have to make efforts in earning the popular that can be earned by the online retailer in hours. Along with having so much of pros, there are some cons associated with the business as well. Some of the cons are: High and tough competition: this is major cons for the retailers who have their business online. Many small and big online businesses are running these days and this creating a high competition in the industry. It is very easy to set up an online business and thus anyone can pen the same. This is creating a mess in the online business market ad increasing the unnecessary competition for the companies dealing in the online business. It has been realised that the companies are facing competition even with the same businesses (Viardot and Nylund, 2017). It is very much required by the companies to invest time and money in marketing in order to remind the customers about the presence of the sites as they have many options available to them. Comparative analysis by the customers: in online business, the customers have the opportunity or the facility to compare the prices and even the products on different sites. This makes it difficult for the online retailer to keep high price as they have to reach the market it competitive pricing strategies. Keeping the ice high may results in loss of customers and the customers can get the same products in lower price from the other site. Technological faults: online business is fully dependent on technology and any failure and fault in the technological system of the site may rupture the whole business. It is very easy to imitate an online business and thus it is not that much secured in terms of getting imitated (Haug, 2013). As far as the overall pros and cons are considered, it has-been analysed that skills and technological knowledge is required to set upon online business. Investment by Andres Holch Povlsen in ASOS and Zalando is a very nice decision as it have stoke in both the competitor companies. At the end, Danish fashion is getting their share and their products are siled in the market by both of these online business. Conclusion: The report concludes that Zalando and ASOS are the closest competitors and competing with each other with high pace. Zalando is the company that deals with online retailer market is serving the customers in around 15ocuntries. The company has various competitive advantages such as range of products, premium brand along with its own brands and its investment in logistics and technology. ASOS also have some of the competitive advantage and one of them is cost leadership strategy. As Zalando is serving 15 countries thus it has the opportunity to enter the new, market as well. The countries that have been identified to have the most potential market are US, India and China. It has been analysed that Andres Holch Povlsen is the owner of Danish Fashion Company and it has its stake of around 10% in Zalando and 27.5% in ASOS. This has resulted in attain many pros and cons for the same. Some of the pros are about having larges market in less investment but the cons are related to the technolo gical faults and the high competition. References: Belew, S. and Elad, J., 2017.Starting an online business all-in-one for dummies. John Wiley Sons. Carlsson, E. and Kryger, S., 2017. The Invisible Wall: The impact of informal institutions in a Chinese business context. Chen, J. and Dibb, S., 2010. Consumer trust in the online retail context: Exploring the antecedents and consequences.Psychology Marketing,27(4), pp.323-346. Childers, T.L., Carr, C.L., Peck, J. and Carson, S., 2001. Hedonic and utilitarian motivations for online retail shopping behavior.Journal of retailing,77(4), pp.511-535. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Fernie, J. and Sparks, L., 2014.Logistics and retail management: emerging issues and new challenges in the retail supply chain. Kogan page publishers. Forman, C., Ghose, A. and Goldfarb, A., 2009. Competition between local and electronic markets: How the benefit of buying online depends on where you live.Management science,55(1), pp.47-57. Grewal, D., Janakiraman, R., Kalyanam, K., Kannan, P.K., Ratchford, B., Song, R. and Tolerico, S., 2010. Strategic online and offline retail pricing: a review and research agenda.Journal of Interactive Marketing,24(2), pp.138-154. Haug, K., 2013. Digitale Potenziale fr den stationren Handel durch Empfehlungsprozesse, lokale Relevanz und mobile Gerte (SoLoMo). InDigitalisierung des Handels mit ePace(pp. 27-50). Springer Gabler, Wiesbaden. Kirssi, J., 2017. Consumer perceptions of green marketing of cosmetic products in Finland. Niranjanamurthy, M., Kavyashree, N., Jagannath, S. and Chahar, D., 2013. Analysis of e-commerce and m-commerce: advantages, limitations and security issues.International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering,2(6). Quan, T.W. and Williams, K.R., 2017. Product variety, across-market demand heterogeneity, and the value of online retail. Reinartz, W., Dellaert, B., Krafft, M., Kumar, V. and Varadarajan, R., 2011. Retailing innovations in a globalizing retail market environment.Journal of Retailing,87, pp.S53-S66. Saini, H., Saini, D. and Gupta, N., 2009. E-Business system development: review on methods, design factors, techniques and tools with an extensive case study for secure online retail selling industry.Indian journal of science and technology,2(5), pp.82-90. Salar, M. and Salar, O., 2014. Determining pros and cons of franchising by using swot analysis.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,122, pp.515-519. Solovyeva, M., 2015. Analyzing entry opportunities for a Latvian company of alternative energy sources in the Russian market: Case: Baltic Sun Wind Engineering Company. Srivastava, R.K., 2008. Changing retail scene in India.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management,36(9), pp.714-721. Viardot, E. and Nylund, P.A., 2017. Conquering the Digital Customer: How Zara Is Confronting the.Socio-Economic Perspectives on Consumer Engagement and Buying Behavior, p.334. Watson, R., 2009. Product variety and competition in the retail market for eyeglasses.The Journal of Industrial Economics,57(2), pp.217-251.

School lunch free essay sample

Many parents believe that just because their student is eating a lunch from school, that it is a healthy lunch. Well they are actually wrong, school lunches are getting worse and worse and are moving farther away from being healthy. School lunches can easily be improved if more effort and money are invested into them. School lunches are just one step in improving the health of many students. Schools are always preaching to students about how they need to have a balanced diet and eat healthier, but when the schools are serving what they do at lunch it is very deceitful. There are multiple ways to resolve this issue including, having a fundraiser for the lunch program, eliminating certain unhealthy foods, giving the students more healthy options, and even having students bring their own lunch to school. Everybody knows money does not grow on trees. Schools are in a harder spot then ever when it comes to money right now. We will write a custom essay sample on School lunch or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page That does not mean that they should just buy cheap and horrible food for the students. Fundraising is an easy and reliable way to earn money for these types of situations. According to Michigan. gov â€Å"Schools can benefit just as well (and even more, health-wise) with a fundraiser that takes the focus off of unhealthy food and focuses on something else such as exercise, entertainment, healthy eating, or the environment. † Fundraisers are not limited either. There are tons of ways to raise money such as a car wash, recycling drive, or a read-a-thon as stated by healthier_schools_fundrasing. pub. Fundraising is a simple and effective way to get money for whatever the cause is. One of the easiest ways to make school lunches healthier is to eliminate the worst item off the menu. That alone will get rid of some of the terrible things that students eat daily and force them to eat something different. Many students get the same thing over and over again when the order their lunches from school. This means that they are eating the same unhealthy lunches daily and no one is stopping them. Most students are not smart enough to stop themselves either. This is why these â€Å"lunches† must be taken off of the school menu, Once schools begin to decrease the amount of unhealthy foods and increase the amount of healthy lunches, they will draw in more and more students. Another idea is giving the students options when it comes to foods and prices. Many students these days go off campus for lunch, one because they like the food more and two, because they can get the same amount of food for the same price. A sample Norco high students were asked â€Å"would you pay for healthier food if it was cheaper than junk food? † As seen in a survey conducted majority of them said that yes, they are willing to pay for healthier food if it was cheaper than junk food. At Norco high school, you can either pay $2. 75 for a lunch without a water or $3. 00 with water. If students have more options such as being able to buy different â€Å"combos† like at a fast-food establishment, they will want to buy school lunches more often and get what they want. This will result in school lunches being cheaper, having more variety, and stop students from going off campus and eating the junk food outside of school. One last option is that students can bring their own lunch to school, especially the students that do not like the school lunches, packing their own food is a very good alternative. This allows students to personalize their own lunch while keeping it healthy. Even if the parents were to pack their kids lunch, at least they know what their child will be eating versus giving them money for whatever the child chooses to eat. Babycentre notes that â€Å"You get to decide what goes into your childs midday meal. You can try to ensure that your child is eating the kind of foods you want her to. You can also plan an evening meal that doesnt feature the foods she had for lunch, but contains other vital nutrients. † Packing a lunch can be a stress reliever for both the parents and the students. The students already know what they will have for lunch and don’t even have to wait in line for it. Packing a lunch for school and even other occasions is an easy and good substitute for buying a lunch. Over all, school lunches have not been improving and neither has the obesity rate for teens and children. In the article â€Å"Attacking the Obesity Epidemic by First Figuring Out Its Cause† Jane E. Brody states that â€Å"children aged 2-19 consume seven trillion calories of sugar-sweetened beverages a year† schools continue to lecture students about how this is bad and needs to change but yet they do nothing about it. The first thing that must be dome, is school lunches need to change and can be done so by fundraising, eliminating the bad foods, giving the students options, and or having students pack a lunch. Schools must change so the students can too.

An Overview of Game Theory in Sociology

An Overview of Game Theory in Sociology Game theory is a theory of social interaction, which attempts to explain the interaction people have with one another. As the name of the theory suggests, game theory sees human interaction as just that: a game. John Nash, the mathematician who was featured in the movie A Beautiful Mind is one of the inventors of game theory along with mathematician John von Neumann. How Was Game Theory Developed? Game theory was originally an economic and mathematical theory that predicted that human interaction had the characteristics of a game, including strategies, winners and losers, rewards and punishment, and profits and cost. It was initially developed to understand a large variety of economic behaviors, including behavior of firms, markets, and consumers. The use of the game theory has since expanded in the social sciences and has been applied to political, sociological, and psychological behaviors as well. Game theory was first used to describe and model how human populations behave. Some scholars believe that they can actually predict how actual human populations will behave when confronted with situations analogous to the game being studied. This particular view of game theory has been criticized because the assumptions made by the game theorists are often violated. For example, they assume that players always act in a way to directly maximize their wins, when in reality this is not always true. Altruistic and philanthropic behavior would not fit this model. Example of Game Theory We can use the interaction of asking someone out for a date as a simple example of game theory and how there are game-like aspects involved. If you are asking someone out on a date, you will probably have some kind of strategy to â€Å"win† (having the other person agree to go out with you) and â€Å"get rewarded† (have a good time) at a minimal â€Å"cost† to you (you don’t want to spend a large amount of money on the date or do not want to have an unpleasant interaction on the date). Elements of a Game There are three main elements of a game: The playersThe strategies of each playerThe consequences (payoffs) for each player for every possible profile of strategy choices of all players Types of Games There are several different kinds of games that are studies using game theory: Zero-sum game: The players’ interests are in direct conflict with one another. For example, in football, one team wins and the other team loses. If a win equals 1 and a loss equals -1, the sum is zero.Non-zero sum game: The players’ interests are not always in direct conflict, so that there are opportunities for both to gain. For example, when both players choose â€Å"don’t confess† in Prisoner’s Dilemma (see below).Simultaneous move games: Players choose actions simultaneously. For example, in the Prisoner’s Dilemma (see below), each player must anticipate what their opponent is doing at that moment, recognizing that the opponent is doing the same.Sequential move games: Players choose their actions in a particular sequence. For example, in chess or in bargaining/negotiating situations, the player must look ahead in order to know what action to choose now.One-shot games: The play of the game occurs only once. Here, the players are likely to not know much about each other. For example, tipping a waiter on your vacation. Repeated games: The play of the game is repeated with the same players. Prisoner’s Dilemma The prisoner’s dilemma is one of the most popular games studied in game theory that has been portrayed in countless movies and crime television shows. The prisoner’s dilemma shows why two individuals might not agree, even if it appears that it is best to agree. In this scenario, two partners in crime are separated into separate rooms at the police station and given a similar deal. If one testifies against his partner and the partner stays quiet, the betrayer goes free and the partner receives the full sentence (ex: ten years). If both remain silent, both are sentences for a short time in jail (ex: one year) or for a minor charge. If each testifies against the other, each receives a moderate sentence (ex: three years). Each prisoner must choose to either betray or remain silent, and the decision of each is kept from the other. The prisoner’s dilemma can be applied to many other social situations, too, from political science to law to psychology to advertising. Take, for example, the issue of women wearing make-up. Each day across America, several million woman-hours are devoted to an activity with questionable benefit for society. Foregoing makeup would free up fifteen to thirty minutes for each woman every morning. However, if no one wore makeup, there would be great temptation for any one woman to gain an advantage over others by breaking the norm and using mascara, blush, and concealer to hide imperfections and enhance her natural beauty. Once a critical mass wears makeup, the average facade of female beauty is artificially made greater. Not wearing makeup means foregoing the artificial enhancement to beauty. Your beauty relative to what is perceived as average would decrease. Most women therefore wear makeup and what we end up with is a situation that is not ideal for the whole or for the indivi duals, but is based on rational choices by each individual. Assumptions Game Theorists Make The payoffs are known and fixed.All players behave rationally.The rules of the game are common knowledge. Resources and Further Reading Duffy, J. (2010) Lecture Notes: Elements of a Game. pitt.edu/~jduffy/econ1200/Lect01_Slides.pdfAndersen, M.L and Taylor, H.F. (2009). Sociology: The Essentials. Belmont, CA: Thomson Wadsworth.

How John McAdam Changed Roads Forever

How John McAdam Changed Roads Forever John Loudon McAdam was a Scottish engineer who modernized the way we build roads. Early Life McAdam was born in Scotland in 1756 but moved  to New York in 1790 to make his fortune. Arriving at the dawn of the Revolutionary War, he began working in his uncle’s business and became a successful merchant and prize agent (in essence, a fence who takes a cut from selling off the spoils of war).   Returning to Scotland, he purchased his own estate and soon became involved in the maintenance and governance of Ayrshire, becoming a road trustee there. Builder of Roads At the time, roads were either dirt paths susceptible to rain and mud, or very expensive stone affairs that frequently broke down not long after whatever event precipitated their construction.   McAdam was convinced that massive stone slabs would not be needed to carry the weight of passing carriages, as long as the road was kept dry. McAdam came up with the idea of raising roadbeds to ensure adequate drainage. He then designed these roadbeds using broken stones laid in symmetrical, tight patterns and covered with small stones to create a hard surface. McAdam discovered that the best stone or gravel for road surfacing had to be broken or crushed, and then graded to a constant size of chippings. McAdams design, called MacAdam roads and then simply â€Å"macadam roads,† represented a revolutionary advancement in road construction at the time. The water-bound macadam roads were the forerunners of the tar- and bitumen-based binding that was to become tarmacadam. The word tarmacadam was shortened to the now-familiar name: tarmac. The first tarmac road to be laid was in Paris in 1854, a precursor to todays asphalt roads. By making roads both significantly cheaper and more durable, MacAdam triggered an explosion in municipal connective tissue, with roads sprawling out across the countryside. Fittingly for an inventor who made his fortune in the Revolutionary War- and whose life’s work united so many- one of the earliest macadam roads in America was used to bring together the negotiating parties for the surrender treaty at the end of the Civil War.  These reliable roads would be crucial in America once the automobile revolution began in the early 20th century.

Quality and environmental management systems 111 Essay

Quality and environmental management systems 111 - Essay Example If Timmerhus wishes to integrate its QMS and EMS into a single system, then this can be achieved because the International Standards ISO 9000:2000 governing the QMS and ISO 14001:1996 have been designed in such a way as to be compatible with one another. Many organizations find integration easier when they have already implemented QMS (Darnall 2002, 143). These systems can thus be integrated to increase their overall effectiveness and to achieve efficiency in the use of organizational resources. Curkovic (2004, 164) explains that the two systems can be integrated with minimal extra expenditure to achieve significant synergy. The eight principles of QMS (Singhal and Singhal 2008, 15) and the five principles of EMS have much in common to enable them to be integrated to a great extent (Bose 2011, 380). For instance, much of the planning requirements for the QMS and EMS can be met by a single set of procedures and resources. For instance, the documentation requirements for QMS specified in Section 4.2 of ISO 9001, including documentation control and control of records, can be prepared through the same procedures used to prepare the EMS documentation required under Section 4.4.4 of ISO 14001. ... Communication channels can also be integrated for the two systems. Finally, the internal audit required under Section 8.2.2 of ISO 9001 and the EMS audit required under Section 4.5.4 of ISO 14001 can also be achieved through an integrated system that uses a common pool of organizational resources and processes (Whitelaw 2004, 133). In general, a number of activities including planning, management review, internal audit and control mechanisms can be shared in common by the QMS and EMS in an integrated system. Kymal (2004, 74) recommends a common internal communication system for the integrated QMS and EMS. However, Timmerhus management needs to ascertain whether the employees are sufficiently fluent in the use of the existing QMS system to make the integration of the new EMS system a profitable decision. Significant Environmental Aspects of Timmerhus UK Ltd Although prefabricated construction is said to be environmentally friendly compared to traditional forms of construction, the lik elihood of Timmerhus having significant environmental aspects of its own manufacturing processes and operations cannot be excluded. The company is likely to have an impact on the environment as a result of its use of natural resources in the process of manufacturing, transportation of supplies and finished goods, and in the disposal of defective items and waste. These actions can have an impact on the communities and the natural environment. Hence, it is essential that the company be aware of such environmental impacts and take steps to address them in its environmental policy and the EMS. The primary natural resource used in the manufacturing process of custom-designed prefabricated housing materials is

Oppotunity cost Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oppotunity cost - Essay Example The customers may thin k that they are getting a free meal at the cost of a drink and hence more people would be attracted towards the shop. This paper briefly explains the phrase 'TINSTAAFL' in terms of opportunity cost. Opportunity cost is the cost of passing up the next best choice when making a decision. For example, if an asset such as capital is used for one purpose, the opportunity cost is the value of the next best purpose the asset could have been used for. Opportunity cost analysis is an important part of a company's decision-making processes, but is not treated as an actual cost in any financial statement" (Opportunity cost, n. d). Every problem has more than one solution as economics says. While solving problems we normally opt for the best possible solution. But it is not necessary that our decisions would be always the best because of our inability to analyze or evaluate problems properly. If another better option was available, the opportunity cost is the benefits we could have received by taking that option. In the current world, there are lots of investment opportunities. Some of them may be risky while the others might be risk free. For example, consider a person invest his entire extra money in a savings bank account which provides him an annual interest of below 3%. On the other hand, if that person invests his money in fixed deposits, he can earn more than 8% interest. Here the person losing 5% (8 - 3 = 5) and his opportunity costs are 5% In the initial example of the salon owners who offer free lunch, they are not losing any money since they are accommodating the charges of the meals in the charge of the drink. But at the same time they were able to attract more customers because of this business strategy. In other worlds, the salon owners were able to make more profit by selecting an alternate option for selling their drinks. It should be remembered that if the salon owners do not offer any free lunch and function like other shop owners, their sales might be the same as that of the others. But by selecting an alternate option without sacrificing anything, they were able to increase their profit. "Any decision that involves a choice between two or more options has an opportunity cost" (Joanne, 2008)' Characteristics of Opportunity cost Thus the opportunity cost is not restricted to financial costs alone. The real cost of output forgone, lost time, or any other benefit that provides utility should also be considered as opportunity costs. Consider a person with $ 100 in his hand. He can purchase some shirts or some books or even he can invest it in shares or fixed deposits. If he purchases shirts or books for the money he has, the value of the goods may decrease as time passes and he loses his money as opportunity cost. At the same time if he invests the money in term deposits, he may get more money as time passes. In other words the same money yields negative opportunity cost in the first instance whereas it yields positive opportunity cost in the second instance. Opportunity cost is a key concept in economics because of its worth and value in taking decisions. It is capable of describing the economic terms like scarcity and choice and moreover it can establish the relationship between the

Reflection about the discomfort Essay Example for Free

Reflection about the discomfort Essay When I met a stranger at a party, I said to myself I wouldnt be shy. I told him my life story and my opinions within 10 minutes of meeting him. How odd it seemed. And finally he escaped from me. This was not a good start of a relationship, from that I learned self-disclosure was a kind of communication which worked best a little at a time. I had to sensitive to the other persons needs and feeling, to be empathic. When I communicated with my boyfriend in the first week, I reminded myself I should practice self-disclosure and I gave me a license to blurt out everything to him. Several times he said to me, Youre doing that communication thing on me. From his reflection about the discomfort, I thought I was over disclosing. The next week, when I stayed with him, I paid more attention on listening to him, gave him chances to disclose, but he complained that he was disclosing more than I was. This time I made another mistake, I was underdisclosing. I understood that deciding when and how much personal information to disclose was not a simple case, if I couldnt handle well, not only I would lose the chance to make friend with that stranger, but also lose my boyfriend. I was so regret that I was not prepare well for this part in the methodology section. I should modify it. Then I went to do some reading and found the guideline for disclosure. Self disclosure is best when it is to the right person-often one who is capable of empathic understanding; to the right degree- you may decide to disclose all or part of your experience; for the right reasons-be sure your goal is to disclose yourself rather than to burden the other or show off; at the right time-in hours that are appropriate and when the other is not heavily burdened with his own need; and in the right place-in a location conducive to this kind of communication.(Bolton, 1986, p. 180) In the following days, I kept these guidelines in mind when I communicated and made a great effort in using disclosing, no complaints again and the relation between my boyfriend went even intimacy.  I was amazed how I was able to self disclose to my friend Jane after nearlly 3 weeks disclosing training. I opened myself to her and revealed things about my past that I very rarely talk about. I found she was able to relate to me and I even led the way for her to reveal things about herself. This gave us a great beginning. One behavior that has hindered my self-disclosure with her was when she told me she was not happy for me when I told her a serious mistake I have made before. Unfortunately, after she did that I have not been able to open myself up anymore. I didnt take confrontation too well and said nothing at all. I needed to change this by telling her how I felt when she said that to me. If I could do this it would be a big step for me. This was a problem that I didnt foresee, I should learn how to deal with confrontation, prepare for it. I kept a diary of my disclosing within these 3 weeks. I found I was easy to disclosure to women than men. I avoid interact with people with different culture, I rarely talked about my family, and I often pushed me to self-disclosing too much and this turned people off. A lot of problems involves in my skill, I need to learn more about confrontation, learn how much I should disclose and to whom the disclosures are made. These were not included in my initial plan, and I will add them in my follow up plan. Conclusion and reflection  1. Self-disclosure is a process of providing information to another individual. The information that is disclosed includes ones thoughts, feelings, past experiences, and future plans.  2. For me, self-disclosure was the hardest piece of the puzzle, I did not tell people who I really was because I was afraid that they would not like the real me. Plus I had the need to protect myself.  3. I think an ideal self-disclosure (my goal) involves openness, a desire   o get closer to another, and an implied trust in the person were revealing ourselves to. It also can increase self-acceptance. 4. The amount of information we disclose in our interpersonal relationships also influences our relationships. The Johari window is a model that helps us assess the type of information we disclose; whom we make disclosures to and the communication environment we find ourselves in. By using this model, I found I was a person I r who had a lot of hidden area and a little open area.  5. My relationship with my friend May was an example of using the social penetration theory. I thought I understood this theory and did quiet well with disclosing to May. Although the disclosing slowed down in the last week, it was due to the different background. From that, I knew disclosure happened frequently with people had common ground. 6. Although I overcome the mental barrier to communicate with the stranger, I still done badly. I fell in an extreme-overdisclosing and made him escape from me. I realized that self-disclosure couldnt be used as a mere device to force the other people into a relationship. It was a kind of communication which worked best a little at a time. I should sensitive to the other persons needs and feeling, to be empathic. 7. I failed to use self-disclosure with my boyfriend in the first two weeks, but with the help of the guidelines, I did better in the last week. During the first week, I made a same mistake (overdisclosing) again. I blurted out everything to him. After he reflected his uncomfortable, I forced myself to listen more, but still fell into another extreme- underdisclosing. In order to solve the problem, I found some guidelines and kept in mind in the following week and got a lot of benefit. 8. I done really well in disclosing to Jane, but a new problem arose. I didnt know how to deal with confrontation when she said she didnt like my past behavior. This hindered my disclosing and I couldnt open myself any more. The lack of prepare for confrontation leaded to my failure.  9. I thought the approach I adopted was quiet successful, such as prepare for disclosing and handle the anxiety, using a method to gradually work up to being more open.  10. I benefited a lot by keeping a diary about my training. From that, I discovered what feelings and needs I didnt disclose; which friendships grew the most. I also knew certain of my disclosures turn people off and what I was uncomfortable discussing certain things and who I avoid interacting with. 11. Prepared other for my change by telling them I would use a new communication skill gave me a lot of benefits. They would give me feedback and if I done badly, they wont easily get annoy.  12. There were many shortcomings in my approach. Such as ignore when and how much personal information to disclose, havent prepared for confrontation. Those problems made my disclosing failed.  13. I thought my origin goal was appropriate-became openness, got closer to another, and had an implied trust in the person were revealing ourselves to. My goal also included increasing my self-acceptance. After 3 weeks training, I found I was more open than before, I wouldnt always hide myself and I would like to share myself with the right person. I got closer to May, my boyfriend by disclosing. During the process of disclosing, a trust had built. I showed some trust in another by making a disclosure that had a little risky, when the other accepted and was supportive about my disclosure, trust was likely to be enhanced. Due to the acceptance by others, my self-acceptance enhanced.

Essay --

Shinji vs. Yasuo: The Use of Foils in The Sound of Waves Yukio Mishima’s The Sound of Waves tells of a timeless love story between Shinji, a young fisherman, and Hatsu, the beautiful daughter of the wealthiest man in the village of Uta-Jima. But rumors and gossip throughout the whole village attempts to separate them. The concept of foils is used in this novel to emphasize the characteristics of Shinji, a good moral man who values the importance of hard work, and Yasuo, a man of lust, power, and selfishness. These two characters conflict throughout the novel to win Hatsue’s heart. As they chase after the girl, Mishima reveals significant traits that are demonstrated throughout The Sound of Waves. Mishima uses Hatsue, the girl that Yasuo and Shinji are after, to demonstrate Shinji’s respectful nature and also Yasuo’s disrespectful nature. The meeting between Shinji and Hatsue at the observation tower reveals Shinji’s characteristics of respect and moral values. As Shinji confronts Hatsue’s body, he treats her with respect because â€Å"Shinji had a sort of haphazard respect for moral things† (Mishima 77). Having respected Hatsue’s decision of abstinence, Shinji received Hatsue’s respect and kindness. However, Yasuo does not respect Hatsue and has even attempt to rape her. Through nature’s intervention by the hornet, Hatsue was able to escape Yasuo’s grasp. Through Yasuo’s actions of attempting to rape Hatsue and trying to conceal the incident by making a deal, Mishima reveals Yasuo as lustful and selfish, the opposite of Shinji. Mishima signifies the concept of foils as the setting takes place in the Utajima-maru, the ship where Shinji and Yasuo â€Å"began their maritime training in the capacity of rice-rinsers†, to demonstrate Shinji’s ... ...ffected Shinji. He was able to adapt to the situation and did not react to Yasuo’s desires of anger and revenge. Shinji was able to stay calm and to remain faithful towards Hatsue. Mishima had revealed Shinji as tolerant as he was able to communicate with others despite the false gossip and serene as he let the gossip die down as well as Yasuo’s hopes for Hatsue’s heart. In conclusion, Mishima brings Yasuo and Shinji together to highlight the foils between two characters. Mishima reveals Yasuo as a jealous, lustful, and selfish character and Shinji as being the hardworking, respectful, and of good moral character through various incidents throughout The Sound of Waves. Having these traits demonstrated to be morally good, Shinji was able to win Terukichi’s approval by doing â€Å"that great thing at Okinawa† and Hatsue’s heart through kindness and respect (Mishima 175).

Motivation/Reward System

Essay 1: Motivation/Reward System by Blake P. Rodabaugh EDD 9100 CRN 35455 Leadership Seminar Nova Southeastern University January 15, 2012 Essay 1: Motivation/Reward System Employee motivation seems to be at the core of what defines leadership or more importantly a leader. The success or failure of an organization is dependent upon the ability of those in leadership positions and roles to motivate and inspire the members of the organization to high levels of performance.Leaders that are effective have the ability to increase the level of job engagement and organizational commitment on the part of employees. Particularly in the field of education, highly qualified and motivated faculty members are critical to the economic and academic success of the organization. Without them the organization at best stumbles along at a mediocre level and at worst fails (Siddique & Khan, 2011). There are two types of rewards when dealing with motivational factors of staff, extrinsic and intrinsic.Ext rinsic motivation is that which comes from outside of the individual such as money, promotion, coercion, grades, or the fear of punitive action. Intrinsic motivation is that which comes from within the individual through a feeling of enjoyment, pleasure, or interest in the task at hand. In investigating the type of reward system to be implemented whether extrinsic or intrinsic it becomes apparent that neither is the answer in itself. As with many aspects of leadership there appears to be no one style that works best all the times but rather is situational as to need.Extrinsic reward has been connected strongly with the encouragement of innovative behavior on the part of employees. This however needs to be taken on in moderation as there is a tendency for excessive motivation of an extrinsic nature to actually depress innovative behavior through the erosion of self motivation. Intrinsic motivation through the application of empowerment, development of human capital, recognition of ac complishment, learning and training support has shown to have a strong impact upon the level of employee innovation.When the two approaches are combined in a situation where extrinsic motivation is added to the aforementioned types of intrinsic motivation, the positive effects are amplified. The intrinsic aspects prevent the over-erosion effects often produced by extrinsic motivation. Thus, as with so much of leadership a combination of approaches is stronger than a single approach (Zhou, Zhang, & Montoro-Sanchez, 2011). A study designed to investigate the motivational factors that were of the greatest importance to faculty members in higher education found that there was a desire for a mix of intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.Results demonstrated that while employee compensation and the overall benefits package were of significant importance to faculty members there was an expressed need for non-monetary rewards as well. Key were concepts of empowerment, positive and supportive work environment, recognition, training, involvement in the decision making process, and a sense of value from the organization. Crucial to the successful implementation of this is clear and open communication between faculty and those participating in all roles of supervision (Rasheed, Aslam, & Sarwar, 2010).An additional view of the concept of motivation is through the application of equity theory. Through this lens motivation of individuals is dependent upon how they view their ratio of outcomes to inputs in comparison to their perception of the outcomes and inputs of their peers in the workplace. This then serves as the basis for the individual to judge whether or not they are being treated fairly in the workplace. They may perceive a situation of either under or over reward, with those workers perceiving an under-reward taking action to restore perceived equity.Typically this action resolves into either a reduction of effort on the part of the employee or a request for greater rewar ds. Typically, the end result of this being that, if the employee is unable to achieve a perception of equity through either a reduction of input or an increase in rewards, they will eventually change employment (Skiba & Rosenberg, 2011). Professor Edgar Schein of MIT’s Sloan School of Management emphasizes a need for behavioral change to take place at all levels of an organization if it is to be successful in the creation of a strong organizational culture.According to Professor Schein it is important to have more than an empowering process in place. Organizations need to have everyone at all levels of the organization actively working together to establish behaviors that lead to an environment in which equal partnerships and mutually helping relationships are the order of business (Kleiner & vonPost, 2011). A Brazilian study of nine administrative units, composed of three factories, two bank branches, a university, and a municipal office focused on the impact of wages upon motivation and employee job satisfaction.The results of this study were in opposition to several others in that the administrative offices with the lowest wages displayed the greatest amount of employee job satisfaction and overall motivation due to intrinsic factors present in the work environment. In opposition to this the offices with the highest wages showed the lowest level of overall satisfaction and motivation. In total there were 458 respondents of which 252 were male and 206 female.In all instances of this study correlations were apparent with respect to perceptions of satisfaction and motivation in connection with leadership’s attitude towards staff in areas other than extrinsic (Pinto, 2011). Analysis of the Writer’s Workplace At the writer’s place of employment there really does not exist any real system of positive motivation and rewards beyond that expressed in the contract signed at the beginning of employment. Some might equate it to a system whi ch utilizes a carrot and a stick except that there is no carrot.Overall leadership and organizational culture is reflective of leadership neglect with the occasional out lashing of reactionary and punitive actions on the part of senior administration towards staff. The culture is one that reinforces a perception that unless you are among the chosen ones, the inner circle, that the best you can do is to hole up in your classroom and not draw attention to yourself. Senior administration sees itself as enlightened and visionary. Staff sees it overall as untrustworthy, arbitrary, reactionary, and punitive.The next step down from the most senior of administrators is seen overall as clueless, out of touch and somewhat delusional in a benign way. Middle level administration and leadership is viewed as having their heart in the right place but with very little power or influence to shape things in a more positive direction. Overall the motivation and rewards system is dysfunctional at best, unless you happen to be one of the chosen ones. What is needed is a system wide change similar to that proposed by Professor Schein in which observation, inquiry, and leverage are applied.This would entail observation of the manner in which employees at all levels of the organization behave, inquiring or deducing the manner in which they think or believe, and then applying the leverage. The leverage in this instance is small incremental behavioral changes that lead the organization as a whole to think and act differently. The impact and role of management in this process is critical as the various subcultures within an organization exist within all levels and facets of the organization including the various levels of leadership (Kleiner & vonPost, 2011).References Kleiner, A. , & vonPost, R. (2011, January 19). A corporate climate of mutual help. Strategy & Business. Retrieved January 21, 2012 from http://www. strategybusiness. com/article/11102? pg=all&tid=27782251 Pinto, E. P. (2 011). The influence of wage on motivation and satisfaction. The International Business & Economics Research Journal, 10(9), 81-91. Rasheed, M. I. , Aslam, H. D. , & Sarwar, S. (2010). Motivational issues for teachers in higher education: A critical case of IUB. Journal of Management Research, 2(2), 1-23. Siddique, A. , & Khan, M. (2011).Impact of academic leadership on facultys motivation, and organizational effectiveness in higher education system. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 2(8), 184-191. Skiba, M. , & Rosenberg, S. (2011). The disutility of equity theory in contemporary management practice. The Journal of Business and Economic Studies, 17(2), 1-19,97-98. Zhou, Y. , Zhang, Y. , & Montoro-Sanchez, A. (2011). Utilitarianism or romanticism: The effect of rewards on employees innovative behaviour. International Journal of Manpower, 32(1), 81-98. doi:10. 1108/01437721111121242

Bible Interpretation: Steps Involved in Interpretation of New Testament Letters Essay

In the book â€Å"Journey into God’s Word: Your Guide to Understanding and Applying the Bible (pp. 100-102), Duvall and Hays teach the four steps of the Interpretative Journey for the New Testament letters. These steps, when utilized properly, helps us grasp the meaning in the scriptures Galatians 5:16-18, but also gives us an understanding of how we interpret things in the modern world as opposed to those in the biblical world. Step one of the Interpretative Journey for the New Testament letters asks the reader to â€Å"Grasp the text in their town.† By this the author wants the reader to understand the difference in culture and time, as well as understand that the message Paul was trying to teach when writing that letter to the Galatians. In chapter 5:16-18, Paul states very clearly and to the point, â€Å"Let the holy spirit guide your lives, then you wont be doing what your sinful nature craves.† This powerful verse allows the reader to understand how great the fight between the flesh and the Spirit are. These three verses allowed Paul to reassure that anyone who walks in the path of the Spirit will less likely give in to the urges of the Flesh. Those who do right to fulfil their obligation to the Spirit are slowly cleansing their own soul of their sinful desires. ‘Measure the width of the river to cross’ is step two of Interpretative Journey for New Testament letters. The biblical audience and modern day interpretations of the scriptures in Galatians form the proverbial river that we must measure in order to cross. The biblical audience found themselves in a fight between the flesh and the Spirit. We in modern times also have the same battle to overcome. The river however I think was much higher in biblical times because of the constant strain for acceptance and understanding that they lacked in first-century theology. I think finding a clearer path in the Spirit in earlier times was much easier to find and hold onto since the majority of life was home and church, unlike today which many do not believe in the Spirit. Step three asks us to â€Å"Cross the Principalizing Bridge.† To give ones entire devotion to the Spirit is a very hard, daunting task that can sometimes feel like the wrong path.The theological principle is to walk in the Spirit. To give in to ones sinful desires to the flesh seems like an easier route. However the second theological principle is to Not give into the evils of the flesh, but to believe in the Spirit and walk in his light. Both biblical day Jews and modern day Christians face this decision everyday. This makes the  theological principles timeless and apparent in the text. It follows the scripture and pertains to both audiences. The final step in the Interpretative Journey for New Testament letters is â€Å"Grasp the text in our town.† This step is used t o ask oneself how modern day Christians utilize apply the theological principles by giving two real-life stories that focus on them.

Research Proposal on the Topic Internal Assessment System Essay Example

Research Proposal on the Topic Internal Assessment System Essay Example Research Proposal on the Topic Internal Assessment System Essay Research Proposal on the Topic Internal Assessment System Essay Research proposal on Internal Assessment System Submitted to: Submitted by: Dr. Ajay Solkhe Arpit Gupta(14) Asstt. Professor Keshav Monga(54) USM,KUK MBA(P)(Gen. ) Title Internal assessment system: creating satisfaction or dissatisfaction among students! Background and justification of ResearchIn the current scenario there are many complaints addressed by the students regarding internal assessment system (IAS). They are of the opinion that their teachers are biased in giving marks to students. They say that the student who is in the good books of the teacher is given more marks then of the student, who is not, besides he is much better than him. They also complaint that the students who are having jacks are also given more marks. In this, we are basically focussing on the students’ behaviour regarding the IAS.Up to what extent students are comfortable and satisfied with the IAS. We are also focussing on the parameters which the teachers consider while giving marks to students in their assessment. The parameters adopted by the teachers are acceptable or not. Whether the teachers are biased with students or not will be also studied in the research, which will be made. Research Objectives * To get of views of students and teachers on Internal Assessment System. * To identify the satisfaction level of students. To check the consent of student Criteria Included in IAS. * To get suggestion to make efforts for improving IAS. * To know the criteria’s made by teachers for the allotment of marks in internal assessment of students. * To check whether the teachers are biased with the students or not.* To check whether IAS enhance students’ performance or not. Literature Review In this section, the satisfaction level of the students will be explored in context of the internal assessment system. Research Methodology Hypotheses IAS helps in enhancing students’ performance. * Biasness in IAS demotivates students and their performance is affected. Re search Design For this research, exploratory and conclusive research methodology is selected. We will be using this research design because for this more precise investigation is needed. Sampling We would be taking data of 50 students and 10 teachers from each department for studying this problem. Data will be collected through random sampling so that the conclusion drawn out of that is accurate and reliable.Data collection procedures Data will be collected through primary sources by the help of questionnaires which would be having 25 questions approximately. Near about 15 questions out of that would be for students and 10 questions are for teachers. Potential Difficulties The researcher might face various difficulties during the research regarding the authenticity of sources, reliability and validity of collected information, completing the research in limited time and cost.

Emile Durkheim and His Impact on Sociology

Emile Durkheim and His Impact on Sociology Émile Durkheim, one of the founding thinkers of sociology, was born in France on April 15, 1858. The year 2017 marks the 159th anniversary of his birth. To honor the birth and life of this important sociologist, well take a look at why he remains so important to sociologists today. What Makes Society Work? Durkheims body of work as a researcher and theorist focused on how it is that a society can form and function, which is another way of saying, how it can maintain order and stability (See his books titled The Division of Labor in Society  and The Elementary Forms of Religious Life). For this reason, he is considered the creator of the functionalist perspective within sociology. Durkheim was most interested in the glue that holds society together, which means he focused on the shared experiences, perspectives, values, beliefs, and behaviors that allow people to feel that they are a part of a group  and that working together to maintain the group is in their common interest. In essence, Durkheims work was all about culture, and as such, it remains deeply relevant and important to how sociologists study culture today. We draw on his contributions to help make sense of what holds us together, and also, and quite importantly, to help us understand the things that divide us, and how we deal (or dont deal) with those divisions. On Solidarity and the Collective Conscience Durkheim referred to how we bind together around a shared culture as solidarity. Through his research, he found that this was achieved through a combination of rules, norms, and roles; the existence of a collective conscience, which refers to how we think in common given our shared culture; and through the collective engagement in rituals that remind us of the values we share in common, of our group affiliation, and our shared interests. So, how is this theory of solidarity, crafted in the late 19th century, relevant today? One subfield in which it remains salient is the Sociology of Consumption. In studying why, for example, people often make purchases and use credit in ways that conflict with their own economic interests, many sociologists draw on Durkheims concepts to point out the important role that​  consumerist rituals play in our lives and relationships, like giving gifts for Christmas and Valentines Day, or waiting in line to be among the first owners of a new product. Other sociologists rely on Durkheims formulation of the collective conscious to study how certain beliefs and behaviors persist over time, and how they connect to things like politics and public policy. The collective conscious- a cultural phenomenon premised on shared values and beliefs- helps explain why many politicians are elected based on the values they claim to espouse, rather than on the basis of their actual track record as legislators. The Dangers of Anomie Today, Durkheims work is also useful to sociologists who rely on his concept of anomie to study the way violence often crops up- whether to the self or others- in the midst of societal change. This concept refers to how societal change, or the perception of it, can cause one to feel disconnected from society given changes in norms, values, and expectations, and how this can cause both psychic and material chaos. In a related vein, Durkheims legacy also helps explain  why disrupting everyday norms and routines with protest is an important way of raising awareness of issues  and of building movements around them. There are more ways that Durkheims body of work remains important, relevant, and useful to sociologists today. You can learn more about that by studying him, and by asking sociologists how they rely on his contributions.

Report on article Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Report on article - Case Study Example There are four basic management styles described in the management literature: Each of these styles has certain advantages and drawbacks, and there is no way to objectively compare their effectiveness: in some organizations directive democrats may be more successful than permissive democrats, in other organizations directive or permissive autocrats may exhibit high effectiveness, and visa versa. Effectiveness of the management style directly depends on the type of organization and nature of work performed. The style of permissive democrats seems to be the best solution for the Department of Justice filled with highly skilled professionals. The involvement in planning and decision making provides them with the sense of belongingness to work and they demonstrate more commitment in performing their duties. However, the style of permissive democrats has one essential limitation: active involvement of the subordinates in the process of decision making, coupled with lack of strict control often produces a deceptive impression that the manager adopts a laissez-faire attitude and simply does not perform his direct functions, namely controlling (Muczyk, 2004). Probably this confusion can be held responsible (at least partially) for the failure of Eileen to keep obey the rules. However, the fact that 8 other members of the team did not have similar problems with discipline suggests that Eileen's case is unique in this organizational setting. Therefore, as a new manager for strategic planning and design within the department of justice, my first step will be to closely analyze the system of relationships established and maintained by my predecessors within the team. The analysis will largely focus on defining the style of management keeping in mind that highly experienced, skilled and responsible employees do not require excessive supervision and control, unless in emergency cases. The next step will be to work individually with Eileen and her colleagues in order to find out the reasons for her misconduct. A series of individual interviews is likely to provide rich and very useful information necessary to find out whether Eileen is a victim of some subjective prejudice or stereotype or she does have some personal problems which prevent her from becoming a full member of the team. Probably, there is a person within the team that maintains negative view of Eileen and successfully promotes this view among other members of the team. At this point the manager should keep in mind that his position does not automatically make him a leader - the most influential persons within the team. The so-called 'workers of influence' theory is particularly important to understand the distinction between managers and leaders. The key

Roanoke Island Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Roanoke Island - Research Paper Example The race for the newly discovered world, comprising of the modern day Americas, began in the later part of the 16th century. England had made numerous attempts to claim land across the Atlantic, long before it even won its conquest over Spain. For instance, in the year 1583 Sir Humphrey Gilbert laid claim over Newfoundland on behalf of the reigning Queen Elizabeth I. However, Sir Gilbert died before he could establish a colony. In the subsequent year, the Queen commissioned Sir Walter Raleigh to arrogate land in newly discovered North America. Sir Raleigh’s expedition was intended to ensure that England had a colony that would enable it to have a grip on the Americas. The foothold would also make it possible for England to exploit available resources, convert pagans to Christianity, claim territory and institute a base from which to strategically attack Spanish ships. However, as a result of poor associations with the indigenous populace, improper geographical timing of colony establishment and inefficient links with the parent country due to foreign conflicts, the settlers of this original English-American colony were destined to fail. The initiative of colonizing the North American coast was set in motion soon after Queen Elizabeth one gave an official charter to Sir Walter Raleigh to establish a colony in a suitable location. After acquiring formal approval from the Queen in 1584, Sir Raleigh created and funded a scouting expedition with the sole mandate of exploring the American coastline and finding a perfect spot to establish the proposed colony. The scout team, led by Captains Arthur Barlow and Phillip Amadas came back with a positive report of the location, that is, Roanoke Island; a land mass off the shore of contemporary North Carolina. The scouts described the Island with glowing terms, praising it for its fertility and pleasant nature. They also reported that Roanoke was occupied by friendly and loving people. Judging from the enthusiastic report, Raleigh and others decided that the Island’s sheltered and secure shores formed a perfect location to establish England’s maiden colony in this N ew World. In the year 1985, after receiving the Queen's financial support and blessing, the first boatload of colonists set sail for the North American coast (Clark n.pg). The initial 100 men, who went to Roanoke Island primarily comprised of soldiers. The men established a settlement on the northern side of Roanoke Island and immediately built a fort. Since they did not have sufficient supplies, these initial colonists exchanged trinkets and beads to the native populace for food and other basic necessities (Clark n.pg). As winter began and food increasingly became scarce, tension heightened between the locals and the English settlers. The expeditions also deteriorated the original kindness that the Native Americans felt toward the settlers. This is because the colonists regularly abducted tribal leaders with the intent of holding them in exchange for scarce supplies. The English settlers treated the locals with disrespect in spite of the fact that they relied on them for basic supp lies. After suffering such a difficult winter, the supply ships still did not arrive as expected in spring. By this time there was actual conflict between the locals and the settlers. Following the constant war with Native Americans, deprivation of food and becoming impatient waiting for the overdue supplies fleet, the colonists decided to travel back home. The overdue supply ships arrived just two weeks later and found the colony abandoned. The fleet left about 15 men to take care of the English settlement in readiness for the next group or recruits (Kupperman 12-25). After the first failure, Sir Raleigh decided to take another attempt at English settlement in Roanoke. During this second attempt, which took place in 1587, Raleigh chose to mix up the prospective English settlement. The recruits comprised of ninety one men, seventeen women and nine children (Kupperman

The effects of advertising on children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The effects of advertising on children - Essay Example This "The Effects of Advertising on Children" essay outlines the impact of the ad on the children, their behavior, eating disorders and bad habits. Almost all food and beverage companies are using television advertisements aiming to target the children. (McGinnis et al., 2006) These advertisements include: TV commercials, product placement, and character licensing in order to persuade children to consume low nutrient foods with more high calories, sugar, salt, and fattening foods like cereals, hamburgers, French fries, pizza, and hot dogs among others. Mc Donald’s, KFC, and Burger King are only some of the companies that widely use advertisements on TV, billboards, and even on the newspaper. Some of these kids also hear these advertisements on the radio. Advertisers have a convincing way of making fast food advertisements look extremely delicious and appetizing. On the other hand, fast food companies know how to make their food taste better by adding high sugar, salt, and fat contents. (Well, n.d.) The combination of television, radio, and print advertisements together with the good tastes of these foods make children crave for more each day. Unconsciously, fast food restaurants become the brand and food preferences of these children. Thus, affecting their health negatively. Based on a research study, there is a possible correlation between childhood obesity and sugary foods advertisements on the television. Another study shows that fast-food consumption is strongly associated with the sudden increase in weight and insulin resistance.

The Importance Of Street Lighting Construction Essay

The Importance Of Street Lighting Construction Essay Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Introduction Street lighting ensures safety to literally every citizen in Sri Lanka by providing guidance and direction across the vast territories throughout the country. Citizens have grown accustomed to driving the streets, rural roads and busy urban thoroughfares, relying on improved visibility and safety afforded them by generous lighting conditions provided by several street light standards of the roadways. Similarly, the safety and ability to maneuver along walkways and sidewalks, in both congested and remote areas, is tremendously enhanced for pedestrians and cyclists. Street lights must be designed therefore to minimize glare and render enhanced colour recognition to meet peoples visual needs in observing objects. 1.2 Importance of Street Lighting Street lighting is an essential public service that provides a safer environment at nighttime to commuters as well as pedestrians. Proper use of street lighting can be considered as a protective method which provides economic and social benefits to the people including: Elimination in night time accidents and economic loss Aid to police protection and enhanced sense of personal security Facilitation of smooth traffic flow Promotion of business activities and the use of public interactions during the night hours. While this service is commonly available in developed countries, there is a shortage of proper street lighting facilities in many areas in developing countries due to lack of financial resources. The lack of adequate light at night has given rise to poor living conditions and as such, street crimes, and other mishaps are commonplace. Street lighting is perhaps more interesting topic for politicians to gain their supporters. It is the most conversable topic among people and essential activity of local authorities, Pradesheya Sabhas and municipalities where the electrical consumption can be considered as having a totally stable load pattern (kWh) during designated operating hours for each and every day. The number of lights and power requirements stay relatively steady over the nightly operating period. The only real variation is the quantity of operating hours each evening as determined by the time of the year. On the other hand, some degree of weather is varying where photo cell control systems exist during dark and misty time periods where areas like upcountry. As such, we have very predictable load patterns and energy values for street lighting that mostly operate including peak power extracting time periods considering the Ceylon Electricity Board (CEB) national grid. One opportunity to address the demand-side of this issue is to save electricity via technological upgrades of street lighting with the help of municipalities and local authorities. Electricity used for streetlights accounts for up to 1.1% of electricity used by national grid stated in Statistical digest in 2011, published by CEB. It is worth noting that large amount of non-metered street lighting profiles exhibit a steady state operation on a month by month basis despite the fact that the new street lamp installations have been grown by 30% annually as revealed by street lamp census in 2010. This strategy will be worst during the election periods. Thus, the virtual billing value which is submitted by local authorities to the power and energy ministry, do not truly represent the actual load profiles. In response to the plotting of the billing information, both municipalities and local authorities have to be taken action to ensure true representation of load profiles with representing of CEB personnel to witness the actual requirements of the street lighting equipments. The electrical energy consumption of street lighting constitutes an important part of total energy consumption. Saving energy in street lamps is therefore important for total energy savings. It is known that street lighting levels are excessive in many cases. For instance, in the case of low traffic volumes, the lighting levels are excessive and could be reduced so that energy savings can be achieved. On the other hand, in specific situations and for traffic safety reasons, light levels should be increased even in the case of low traffic volume. Reductions in energy consumption through the installation of modern lighting equipment, control and management practices have a direct impact on the level of greenhouse gas emissions from street lighting. Reductions in greenhouse gas emissions are directly related to reductions in energy consumption; hence the potential savings are of the same order and vice versa. 1.3 Motivation This research keeps the focus on energy efficiency measures in the street lighting sector. The street lighting situation in Sri Lanka is still largely dominated by inefficient technologies, most importantly standard incandescent, low efficiency fluorescent tube or mercury and sodium vapour lamps. Although cost-effective when regarded over the full lifespan of the lamp, more efficient options, such as light emitting diodes (LEDs), induction lamps and solar powered systems struggle to penetrate the market. Several promotion programs for energy efficient lighting can be found by the government in recent past ( reference). This research is concerned with possibilities to promote the approach of energy efficient street lighting technologies for grid-connected or off grid usage in Sri Lanka. This approach is initiated to evaluate the economic, technical, and operational feasibility of replacing the existing street lamps with LED light sources. Specifically, the following areas were evaluated as part of this research: Energy and maintenance cost savings of LED lamps over the existing street lamps Energy and maintenance cost savings of solar powered LED lamps over the existing street lamps Optimum luminance that should be maintained on various roads and streets in compliance with British and IESNA standards and comparable those to the streets lighted by the existing High Pressure Sodium (HPS) vapour lamps which were installed in most of the town and highly congested areas where more luminance is needed. Cost-effectiveness of deploying a photocell or timer switching for street lamp operation. The energy and maintenance cost savings are key inputs to the cost-effectiveness analysis of LED. The performance metrics in the economic analysis includes simple payback as well as the net present value of cost savings over the lifetime of the LED fixtures. This research findings point out the key market barriers for technology uptake in the street lighting sector and discusses the current state of technology promotional programs. 1.4 Objectives of the research The first objective of the research is to get an inventory verification of various kinds of street lamps connected in all over the country and secondly, to analyze the performance of existing lamps and its control systems. Road surface luminance is one of the control parameters in intelligent road lighting control systems. The third objective is to identify the optimized luminance intensity on the roads as part of assessment for efficient street lighting systems. The final objective is to find a best option for energy efficient street lighting. At present, in urban roadway lighting applications, High Pressure Sodium (HPS) and mercury vapour lamps which are the most widely used light sources. In semi urban and rural area road lighting, fluorescent lamps and CFL is widely applied. LEDs are fast developing light sources and are considered as one promising light source for general lighting. However, LEDs are not used already for street lighting applications in Sri Lanka, since the initial cost of LED is very high as yet. Currently, HPS lamps are the dominant light source used in street lighting because of long lamp life time and high luminous efficacy. The research assessment is a comparative life cycle assessment including other economical analysis which was performed on Incandescent lamp, Fluorescent lamp, High Pressure Sodium (HPS) lamp, Mercury Vapour lamp, Induction lamp and Light Emitting Diode (LED) streetlight technologies. It also focused on the categories of energy efficiency, light quality, global warming affects ect. The majority of streetlights are individually controlled by manual operation and some are by photocell and timer switch. It is revealed that some local authorities such as Colombo Municipal Council (CMC), have installed and upgraded a system that allow light levels to be controlled in certain time periods in addition to the photocell operation. Maintenance of streetlights consists almost entirely of replacing burnt bulbs or other defective components. Lights controlled by photocell are not monitored remotely in Sri Lanka and are replaced when reported by complaints of people or noticed during regular inspections. Bulb replacement is performed by relevant local authorities or municipalities. 1.5 Outline of this Report This research conducted a detailed study of how to implement an energy efficient street lighting technologies in Sri Lanka. This study provides the data and analysis necessary to evaluate whether changing existing street lighting system is a worthwhile investment, not only economically but environmentally as well. The adoption of newer technologies could save the millions of rupees in each year by minimizing both energy and environmental costs while reserving them to invest in other infrastructure upgrades. This thesis consists of seven chapters including the literature review, methodology, case studies, economic analysis and results, and discussion. The literature review is the chapter 2 which explains the basics behind street lighting, the different types of lighting technologies, how they work, how they affect the environment, and how they meet current lighting requirements along with their advantages and disadvantages. The methodology chapter explains how the study was conducted with a detailed explanation of both methodologies and economic calculations. This chapter presented a series of calculations to verify the data which are relevant to this study. How the data was applied to these methodologies will also be explained in chapter 3. This research thesis consists of three case studies. First one is the basic structure of this thesis, so that, the street lamp survey conducted to find out the total no of lamps in the country. It gives a basic understanding of the main end-use applications and target sectors of the different lamp types, control systems and an idea of the energy efficiency potential available in the street lighting sector. The second is illumination evaluation for HPS lamps connected in Galle road section. The auto operated street lighting system implemented in Balangoda town area and street lighting control system conducting in Sri Lanka also discussed as the case study 3 in this chapter. All these case studies are presented in chapter 4. The chapter 5 consists of economic analysis for all case studies and sets the insights gained throughout the research is enlightened by economic analysis. The economic performance was calculated as simple-payback for substitution of LED and solar powered LED soluti ons to the existing lamps that includes in accounting for lamp life-span, maintenance costs, and electrical costs. Conclusion chapter covers the results from the study to include their sensitivity to changes in costs associated with power production, maintenance costs, fixture costs, and service life. Environmental costs with carbon emissions savings and impacts were also calculated and discussed with regards to the different lighting technologies including solar powered stand along LED system. Finally, discussion chapter reviews the findings of this study and recommends the course of action that should be taken for implementation of energy efficient street lighting along with areas for future research.

Free Great Gatsby Essays: Religious Influences :: Great Gatsby Essays

Religious Influences in The Great Gatsby During the 1920s, sometimes referred to as the Progressive Era, political and social changes surfaced in society in efforts to progressively improve the nation. However, the 1920’s can accurately be described as the decade of selfishness. Society was material oriented and, as a result, there was a decrease in religious practices. This is vividly displayed in The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald's use of mortal characters as religious influences. There are three significant occurrences in the novel which show the loss of spirituality of the time, beginning with Gatsby's watch over Daisy the night of the hit and run. Gatsby spends the entire night watching for Daisy's sign, just as knights risked their lives in pursuit of the Holy Grail. His desire for Daisy to come for his help and "live happily ever after" with him is misplaced because of the goal he hopes to attain: Daisy.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Next, there is underlying symbolism presented shortly before Gatsby's death as he struggles with the swimming equipment. When offered assistance from his butler, Gatsby refuses and must "bear the cross" alone. Finally, Gatsby's murder is portrayed as a process of purification, which is of great religious importance. Shot in his chlorinated pool, Gatsby overcomes his shortcomings and is "cleansed" of his sins.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The immoral efforts that were put against American pop culture in the 1920s are best summarized as Wilson stares into the eyes of Dr. T.J. Eckleburg of a vast wasteland, "You may fool me, but you can't fool God!" His neighbor must remind him, "That's an advertisement" (Parker 33). Another symbolic aspect of the Valley of Ashes is that it is the home of the Wilsons, a place where the average person has some type of religious practices. Myrtle's murder is a blatant example of the pointlessness of religion in the Twenties' society. Fitzgerald suggests that in Twentieth-

Moral Implication of Frankenstein Essay

The message, merits, and moral implications of Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein have been long debated and discussed. Many recurring themes which are apt to surface in these conversations are those such as the woes of artificial creation and the â€Å"man is not God† argument. These themes have been so thoroughly explored and exploited that this essay could not possibly generate and original thought within the realms covered by these topics. In order to formulate something remotely fresh and at least relatively interesting, this essay seeks to shift the focus to the less explored dilemmas which Shelley may have purposely or subconsciously woven into the classic novel. The very fact that Mary Shelley is a woman casts the already remarkable tale in an entirely new light. To read it objectively is improbable, if not impossible, because stories like this are simply not written by women. As a matter of fact, there are some things—focusing on a thrilling plot for the sake of the thrill, centralizing characters like monsters and ghosts, prominently showcasing a male to male bond—that are seen from female authors so infrequently, the appearance of one or multiple aspects in a story would be a true shock. This is certainly not a knock against female authors! It is not at all an insult, actually. It is simply an analysis of the female niche in literature at a glance. The fact that Shelley annihilated this mold with Frankenstein is a testament to her creativity, uniqueness and skill, setting her apart from all authors, male or female, and elevating her to a position of respect and glory which spans generations and gender. When taking into account the female psychology, attempting to ascertain what a female would consciously or subconsciously attempt to prove with the novel is interesting. While several smaller points are made by Shelley in the text, the most important and overall message of the novel is this: no man or laboratory can replace the natural maternal nature of the human mother. The nurturing provided by a mother is the most necessary and vital experience of a child’s life and directly affects the person he becomes. While this process can be imitated with foster homes, day cares, orphanages and the like, only the direct bond between creator and creation will suffice to produce the best of outcomes. The first step is to show that Shelley intended for Victor to be viewed as a mother to his creation. The point that Victor is not a woman seems to enhance the idea that he is incapable of undertaking the tasks of a primary caregiver. Given Victor’s masculinity, she uses the characters to â€Å"experiment† with a creator-child relationship in the absence of the maternal nature of a woman. To do so she alludes to the strong parallels connecting the relationships. At the end of Volume 1, Victor’s thoughts turn to how he would â€Å"spend each vital drop of blood for [the family’s sake]† (Shelley 90). This quote is a reference to the womb and the â€Å"lifeblood† shared by a family. Each drop of blood circulating in a pregnant woman is shared by the fetus living within her as she literally creates the child in her womb. That blood is then shared by the next infant as mother and children grow together into a family united by this blood. Shelley is showing that just as Victor is bonded to his mother by blood, so too is he bonded with his Monster. This is not the first time Shelley portrays Victor as a motherly figure. In the description of the creation process, Shelley draws connections between it and a pregnancy many times. To begin with, the overall concept of the creation of an infant and the creation of a monster are nearly identical. Victor speaks of the â€Å"power placed within his hands† to â€Å"bestow animation† on â€Å"lifeless matter;† matter which will eventually become an incredible system with innumerable â€Å"intricacies of fibers, muscles, and veins† (Shelley 54). Is this not the same thing that can be said of a mother? For she, too, creates an intricate being from nothing with an â€Å"anxiety which almost amounts to agony† in the pains of pregnancy and labor (58). Having shown that Shelley intended for Victor to play the role of ‘mother’ in her analogy, focus will now shift to the ultimate point of the novel: The nurturing provided by a mother (Victor), is the most necessary and vital experience of a child’s life and directly affects the person he becomes. From the very beginning, Victor shirks the responsibility of nurture and literally runs from it. As the creature awakes he exclaims: â€Å"breathless horror and disgust filled my heart. Unable to endure the aspect of the being I had created; I rushed out of the room† (Shelley 58). The Monster then immediately assumes the role of infant in the relationship as Victor says, â€Å"His eyes were fixed on me. His jaws opened, and he muttered some inarticulate sounds, while a grin wrinkled his cheeks† (Shelley 59). In the normal human realm this situation would be met with a dozen tear-filled eyes seeking to hold and coddle the creation. Unfortunately for the Monster, no such treatment is offered by Victor. Frankenstein leaves the Monster to fend for himself. The horrible consequences of this lack of nurturing follow with intensity and frequency. This is proven by the rapidly building sense of confusion and loneliness within the monster. Feelings which are only multiplied by society’s general rejection of him. The Monster laments to Victor upon their reunion on these feelings, â€Å"no distinct ideas occupied my mind: all was confused. I felt light, and hunger and thirst, and darkness; innumerable sound rang in my ears and on all sides various scents saluted me† (Shelley 106). The Monster needed a person to provide some context for these sensations, he needed a nurturer to steer him through the difficult path of modern urban existence. He knew essentially nothing and suffered for it. The Monster recalls in a story to Victor his finding of huts, cottages and houses: â€Å"The whole village was roused; some fled, some attacked me, until, grievously bruised by stones and many other kinds of missile weapons, I escaped to the open country† (Shelley 109). Had Victor been there to guide and coach his creation through life as a mother does for her child, the Monster would have experienced exponentially less pain and suffering, if any at all. It was not just any instruction and care that the Monster desired. He yearned for the specific life-training that can only be offered by one’s creator. Although he learned language, work and more from the cottagers he observed, nothing could replace that which only Victor as the creator could offer. The Monster details this in conversation with Victor, â€Å"Of my creation and creator I was absolutely ignorant† he then complains of other calamities he faced before saying, â€Å"I cannot describe to you the agony that these reflections inflicted upon me: I tried to dispel them but sorrow only increased with knowledge† (Shelley 123). It was not the â€Å"knowledge† he desired—he was clearly receiving a more than satisfactory education from the cottage dwellers—it was the relationship with his creator that mattered most, from which the knowledge comes as a bi-product. To ask if Victor learns his lesson is not debatable. Shelley gives him a clear second chance to reevaluate his decision and he chooses correctly. The Monster asks, or more so, demands, point blank that Victor create him a counterpart: â€Å"You must create a female for me, with whom I can live in the interchange of those sympathies necessary for my being. This you alone can do; and I demand it of you as a right which you must not refuse to concede† (Shelley 147). Initially, Victor refuses, even under the threat of torture. Then, with the Monster’s convincing words and pleas for empathy, Victor agreed under the condition that the monster banish himself and his bride to South America. One night, however, in the midst of creating the second being, Victor suddenly came to the realization that the creation of a second female would not necessarily be for the better and â€Å"made a solemn vow in [his] own heart never to resume [his] labors† (Shelley 171). This resolution to not repeat his mistake shows that Victor recognized the error in his first creation. It is not the creation that was the problem. He obviously was more than capable of producing a counterpart for the first Monster, but realized that he could not provide the appropriate nurturing. He understood, finally, the main requirement of creation: the education and nurture of the creature to become what one intended for it to become, in other words, one has to finish the job. Just as with every human birth, one cannot just bring the creature into the world and let it fend for itself. Frankenstein saw the limitations he had as a creator and made the responsible decision to never repeat his mistake. While the original purpose of this essay was to elaborate on Shelley and the ideas she wrote about as a female, the themes of the novel are too universal to be pinned down as something only a female could create. Creation, it turns out, involves two parts: the first is the giving of life, and the second is the nurturing of life. As a female both of these are very prevalent, more so than with males, but this work shows that males are very responsible for creation. Maybe this entire book is a more than simple commentary on the need for males to step up into the second creation role to support their wives, or maybe it is just a good story about a monster and a man. Either way, Shelley produced a novel with incredibly far reaching themes which contains solid, undeniable arguments which were never touched by male authors, thus making Frankenstein one of the greatest novels of all time.